PRIN 2022 | Enhancing the Autonomy of Vulnerable Adults in Legal Matters

Private International Law sources concerning vulnerable adults with a focus on the Hague Convention of 13 January 2000 on the International Protection of Adults

Specialised section part of Ravel – Repository on the International Protection of Adults

Text of the Convention

  • PDF version of the official text of the Hague Convention of 13 January 2000 on the International Protection of Adults | English; French.
  • Annex to the Convention – Recommendation of 1999 Adopted by the Special Commission of a Diplomatic Character on the Protection of Adults | English; French.
  • Outline of the Convention | English; French.

Explanatory Report

Explanatory Report of the Hague Convention of 13 January 2000 on the International Protection of Adults by Paul Lagarde, New and Revised Edition (The Hague: The Hague Conference on Private International Law Permanent Bureau, 2017) | English; French.

First Meeting of the Special Commission on the practical operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention

  • Conclusions and Recommendation of the “First Meeting of the Special Commission on the practical operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention”, which was held in The Hague on 9-11 November 2022 | English; French.
  • Other documents related to the First Meeting of the Special Commission (2022) may be found here.
  • Conclusions and Recommendation of the European Commission and the Hague Conference on Private International Law Joint Conference on the Cross-border Protection of Vulnerable Adults, which was held in Brussels on 5-7 December 2018 | English; French.

Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention

  • HCCH Permanent Bureau, Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention (HCCH 2024) | English; French.
  • Prel. Doc. No 4 of February 2024 (third revised version – clean version) – Revised draft Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention.
  • Prel. Doc. No 4 of February 2024 (third revised version – track change version) – Revised draft Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 2000 Protection of Adults Convention.

Status

Updated status of ratifications and accessions to the Hague Convention of 13 January 2000 on the International Protection of Adults.

Central Autorities

Information on Central Authorities within this Convention.

Bibliography

  • Lorenz Adriaensses, Camille Borrett, Sarah Fialon, Pietro Franzina, Nathy Rass-Masson and Ian Sumner, ‘Study on the cross-border legal protection of vulnerable adults in the EU. Final Report‘ (Publications Office of the European Union 2022).
  • Salomé Adroher Biosca, ‘La protección de adultos en el Derecho internacional privado español novedades y retos’ [2019] 71(1) Revista española de derecho internacional 163-185.
  • Salomé Adroher Biosca, ‘La Convención sobre los derechos de las personas con discapacidad y el derecho internacional privado’ in Pedro A Munar Bernat (ed), Principios y preceptos de la reforma legal de la discapacidad. El derecho en el umbral de la política (Marcial Pons 2021), 157-174. 🔒
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  • Diogo L Cordeiro Rodrigues and Igor P Gomes da Costa, ‘The Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults: Overview and Convergence with the Brazilian Law’ [2020] 11(20) Caderndo de Relacões Internacionais 101-132.
  • Johanna Croon-Gestefeld, ‘Vorsorgevollmachten in transnationalen Fällen’ in Christine Budzikiewicz, Bettina Heiderhoff, Frank Klinkhammer and Kerstin Niethammer-Jürgens (eds), Vorsorge und Verantwortung im Internationalen Familienrecht (Nomos 2023), 75-102.
  • Ian Curry-Sumner, ‘Vulnerable Adults in Europe. European added value of an EU legal instrument on the protection of vulnerable adults’ in Christian Salm (ed), Protection of Vulnerable Adults European Added Value Assessment accompanying the European Parliament’s legislative initiative report (rapporteur: Joëlle Bergeron) (Publication Office of the European Union 2016), 18-105.
  • Cosmin Dariescu, ‘Imperative ale modernizării protecţiei internaţionale a adulţilor vulnerabili în România’ [2023] 2023(1) Analele Universității de Vest din Timișoara – Seria Drept 105-124. 🔒
  • María del Pilar Diago Diago, ‘La protección de personas adultas en situaciones transfronterizas e internas: en busca del tiempo perdido‘ [2024] 2 De lege ferenda. Revista de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Granada 65-94.
  • Robert Dinerstein, Esmd Grant Grewal and Jonathan Martinis, ‘Emerging International Trends and Practices in Guardianship Law for People with Disabilities‘ [2016] 22(2) ILSA Journal ofInternational & Comparative Law 436-460.
  • Shadia O Doerfel, ‘Adults without borders: European parliament approves resolution to harmonise measures to protect vulnerable adults’ [2017] 2017(3) Elder Law Journal 231-235. 🔒
  • Giulia Donadio, ‘Amministrazione di sostegno e tutela dello straniero’ [2011] 27(9) La Nuova Giurisprudenza Civile 815-820. 🔒
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  • Martina Drventić, ‘The Protection of Adults in the European Union’ [2019] 2019(3) EU and Comparative Law Issues and Challenges Series 803-829.
  • Antonia Durán Ayago, ‘Nuevos escenarios en la protección internacional de adultos’ in Mariano Alonso Pérez, Eva María Martínez Gallego and Justo Reguero Celada (eds), Protección jurídica de los mayores (La Ley 2004), 443-470.
  • Antonia Durán Ayago, ‘La fragilidad del estatuto personal en la protección de menores y adultos’ in Alfonso L Calvo Caravaca, Esperanza Castellanos Ruiz (eds), El Derecho de familia ante el siglo XXI: aspectos internacionales (Colex 2004), 319-380.
  • Michal Duris and Katarina Burdova, ‘Vybrané otázky právnej ochrany zraniteľných dospelých prostriedkami medzinárodného práva súkromného – zákon o medzinárodnom práve súkromnom a procesnom’ [2012] 95(2) Pravny Obzor: Teoreticky Casopis Pre Otazky Statu a Prava 164-172. 🔒
  • Bernard Dutoit, ‘La protection des incapables majeurs en droit international privé’ [1967] 20 Revue critique de droit international privé 465-503.
  • Bernard Dutoit, ‘La Convention de La Haye du 13 janvier 2000 sur la protection internationale des adultes’ [2011] Fiches juridiques suisses 21-47.
  • María T Echezarreta Ferrer, ‘Gestión de la diversidad y de la pluriconexión jurídica. Respuesta del derecho internacional privado español a la protección de los gerontoinmigrantes comunitarios (GIC) en situación de vulnerabilidad’ in María T Echezarreta Ferrer (ed), El lugar europeo de retiro. Indicadores de excelencia para administrar la gerontoinmigración de ciudadanos de la Unión Europea en municipios españoles (Editorial Comares 2005), 335-398.
  • Aimee R Fagan, ‘An Analysis of the Convention on the International Protection of Adults’ [2002] 10(2) Elder Law Journal 329-360. 🔒
  • Silvia Favalli, Disabilità, diritti umani e diritto internazionale (Giuffrè 2021). 📚
  • Nayiber Febles Pozo, ‘La protección transfronteriza de adultos en la Unión Europea: la propuesta de Reglamento en materia de protección de adultos‘ [2023] 18 Bitácora Millennium DIPr: Derecho Internacional Privado.
  • Alberto Figone, ‘Amministrazione di sostegno e protezione di soggetti stranieri’ [2015] 3 Rivista AIAF – Associazione Italiana degli Avvocati per la famiglia e per i minori 51-53. 🔒
  • Jonathan Fitchen, ‘The International Protection of Adults’ [2017] 66(3) International and Comparative Law Quarterly 779-781. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, La protezione degli adulti nel diritto internazionale privato (Cedam 2012). 📚
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘L’incidenza dei diritti umani sul diritto internazionale privato: il caso della protezione degli adulti vulnerabili’ [2013] 4 Federalismi.it Rivista di diritto pubblico italiano, comunitario e comparato 1-22.
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘La Convenzione dell’Aja sulla protezione internazionale degli adulti nella prospettiva della ratifica italiana’ [2015] 98 Rivista di diritto internazionale 748-814. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘La protección internacional de adultos vulnerables: un llamamiento a la acción a nivel de la Unión europea’ [2016] 16 Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional Privado 127-145. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘Note in merito ai profili internazionalprivatistici dei mandati in previsione di incapacità̀’ in Ilaria Pretelli, Gian Paolo Romano and Tuto Rossi (eds), Tui Memores – La dimension culturelle du droit international privé – Actes de la Journée en l’honneur de Tito Ballarino du 13 juin 2014 à Lausanne et Essais recueillis par ses amis et élèves (Schulthess 2017), 173-186. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘The Relevance of Private International Law to the Effective Realisation of the Fundamental Rights of Vulnerable Adults in Cross-Border Situations’ in Montserrat Pereña Vicente, Gloria Díaz Pardo and María Núñez Núñez (eds), La voluntad de la persona en la protección jurídica de adultos: Oportunidades, riesgos y salvaguardias (Dykinson 2018), 53-61.
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘La disciplina internazionalprivatistica italiana della protezione degli adulti alla luce di una recente pronuncia’ [2020] 12 Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional 219-230. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘Art. 9 della risoluzione dell’Institut de Droit International su Human Rights and Private International Law: la capacità delle persone’ [2022] 2022(3) Diritti Umani e Diritto Internazionale 511-529. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘L’evoluzione del diritto internazionale privato della protezione degli adulti tra iniziative dell’Unione, modelli universali e norme interne’ [2022] 2022(4) Jus-Online 212-250.
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘The Protection of Adults’ in Paul Beaumont and Jayne Holliday (eds), A Guide to Global Private International Law (Hart Publishing 2022), 553-565. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘Art. 16 della risoluzione dell’Institut de Droit International su Human Rights and Private International Law: protezione delle persone in situazioni di vulnerabilità’ [2023] 2023(1) Diritti Umani e Diritto Internazionale 129-146. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘Un nuovo diritto internazionale privato della protezione degli adulti: le proposte della Commissione europea e gli sviluppi attesi in Italia’ [2023] 59(3) Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale 519-578. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina, ‘Les propositions législatives de la Commission européenne relatives à la protection internationale des adultes: les droits fondamentaux en question’ 60 Revue Trimestrielle de Droit Européen [2024] 307-335. 🔒
  • Pietro Franzina and Joëlle Long, ‘The Protection of Vulnerable Adults in EU Member States. The Added Value of EU Action in the Light of The Hague Adults Convention’ in Christian Salm (ed), Protection of Vulnerable Adults European Added Value Assessment accompanying the European Parliament’s legislative initiative report (rapporteur: Joëlle Bergeron), (Publication Office of the European Union 2016), 106-175.
  • Pietro Franzina, Cristina González Beilfuss, Jan von Hein, Katja Karjalainen and Thalia Kruger, ‘Cross-Border Protection of Adults: What Could the EU Do Better?’ 21 Journal of Private International Law [2025] 1-29.
  • Pietro Franzina and Thalia Kruger, ‘The International Protection of Adults after Brexit‘ [2024] 38(1) International Journal of Law, Policy and The Family ebae017.
  • Richard Frimston, ‘Cross-border Implications of the Legal Protection of Adults‘ (European Parliament 2012).
  • Richard Frimston, ‘The 2000 Adult Protection Convention – sleeping beauty or too complex to implement?’ in Thomas John, Rishi Gulati and Ben Köehler (eds), The Elgar Companion to the Hague Conference on Private International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2020), 226-235. 🔒
  • Richard Frimston, Alex Ruck Keene, Claire van Overdijk and Adrian Ward (eds), The International Protection of Adults (Oxford University Press 2015). 🔒
  • Daniel Füllemann, Das internationale Privat – und Zivilprozessrecht des Erwachsenenschutzes (Dike Verlag 2008).
  • Cristina González Beilfuss, ‘La protección de adultos en derecho internacional privado’ in Alfonso L Calvo Caravaca and José L Iriarte Ángel (eds), Estatuto personal y multiculturalidad de la familia (Colex 2000), 85-102.
  • María González Marimón, ‘Hacia una Unión Europea “de” las personas. Sobre la propuesta de la Comisión Europea sobre la protección de adultos vulnerables en situaciones transfonterizas‘ [2023] 15(2) Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional 420-445.
  • Armelle Gosselin-Gorand, ‘Le défi de la protection transfrontière des adultes vulnérables’ (Actu-Juridique.fr, 31 October 2023) <https://www.actu-juridique.fr/international/droit-international-prive/le-defi-de-la-protection-transfrontiere-des-adultes-vulnerables/>.
  • Maja Groff, ‘The Hague Conventions: Giving Effect to Human Rights through Instruments of Private International Law’ in Jeff Handmaker and Karin Arts (eds), Mobilising International Law for ‘Global Justice’ (Cambridge University Press 2018), 89-118. 🔒
  • Florence Guillaume, ‘Commentaire des dispositions des Conventions de La Haye sur la protection des adultes et des enfants et de l’article 85 LDIP’, in Audrey Leuba, Martin Stettler, Andrea Büchler and Christoph Häfeli (eds), Commentaire du droit de la famille – Protection de l’adulte (Éditions Stämpfli 2013), 1155-1294.
  • Florence Guillaume and Bastien Durel, ‘La protection internationale de l’adulte’, in François Bohnet and Olivier Guillod (eds), Le nouveau droit de la protection de l’adulte (Helbing Lichtenhahn & CEMAJ – Faculté de droit de l’Université de Neuchâtel 2012), 341-383.
  • Till Guttenberger, Das Haager Übereinkommen über den internationalen Schutz von Erwachsenen (Gieseking Verlag 2004).
  • Qisheng He, ‘Changes to Habitual Residence in China’s lex personalis’ [2013] 14(2012/2013) Yearbook of Private International Law 323-339.
  • Florian Heindler, ‘Internationales Erwachsenenschutzrecht’ in Astrid Deixler-Hübner and Martin Schauer (eds), Handbuch Erwachsenenschutzrecht (Manz 2018), 345-368.
  • Tobias Helms, ‘Reform des internationalen Betreuungsrechts durch das Haager Erwachsenenschutzabkommen’ [2008] 21 Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht 1995-2002. 🔒
  • David Hill, ‘The Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults’ [2009] 58(2) International and Comparative Law Quarterly 469-476.
  • Costanza Honorati, ‘Articolo 43 (Protezione dei maggiori d’età)’ in Fausto Pocar (ed), Commentario del nuovo diritto internazionale privato (Cedam 1996), 217-220. 🔒
  • Costanza Honorati, ‘Articolo 44 (Giurisdizione in materia di protezione dei maggiori d’età)’ in Fausto Pocar (ed), Commentario del nuovo diritto internazionale privato (Cedam 1996), 220-223. 🔒
  • José L Iriarte Ángel, ‘La protección de adultos en derecho internacional privado’ in Alegría Borrás Rodríguez and Georgina Garriga (eds), Adaptación de la legislación interna a la normativa de la Unión Europea en materia de cooperación civil – Homenaje al Prof Dr Ramón Viñas Farré (Marcial Pons 2012), 203-2018.
  • Fabienne Jault-Seseke, ‘Vers un règlement européen pour assurer la protection des adultes dans les situations transfrontières’ [2023] 2023(37) Recueil Dalloz 1917-1921.
  • Erik Jayme, ‘Die Patientenverfügung: Erwachsenenschutz und internationales Privatrecht’ in Jörn Bernreuther (ed), Festschrift für Ulrich Spellenberg (Otto Schmidt/De Gruyter 2010), 203-210.
  • Anna Juryk, ‘The Protection of Adults in Private International Law’ [2016] 2016(8) Silesian Journal of Legal Studies 27-43.
  • Katja Karjalainen, ‘Eläkeläiset liikkeellä Euroopassa: Haagin yleissopimus aikuisten kansainvälisestä suojelusta’ [2012] 110(2) Lakimies 259-279.
  • Katja Karjalainen, ‘Vanhuus ja kansainvälinen yksityisoikeus: Asuinpaikkaliittymän haasteet’ in Anna P Mäki-Petäjä-Leinonen and Liisa Nieminen (eds), Vanhuus ja oikeus (Lakimiesliiton Kustannus 2014), 111-144.
  • Katja Karjalainen, ‘Ancianos, movilidad y derecho internacional privado. El punto de vista de la Unión Europea’ (2016) Càtedra Jean Monnet Working Paper 2/2016.
  • Katja Karjalainen, Ikääntyminen, liikkuvuus ja kansainvälinen yksityisoikeus Euroopassa: Vertaileva tutkimus rajat ylittävistä ongelmista sekä edunvalvonnasta Suomessa ja Espanjassa (Suomalainen lakimiesyhdistys 2016).
  • Katja Karjalainen, ‘Fragility of Cross-Border Adult Protection – The Difficult Interplay of Private International Law with Substantive Law’ [2019] 20(2018/2019) Yearbook of Private International Law (2018/2019) 439-465. 🔒
  • Perrine Angelika Kobsik, Antizipierte Erklärungen in Gesundheitsangelegenheiten im grenzüberschreitenden Verkehr (Duncker & Humblot 2020).
  • Paul Lagarde, ‘La convention de La Haye du 13 janvier 2000 sur la protection internationale des adultes’ [2000] 53 Revue critique de droit international privé 159-179. 🔒
  • Paul Lagarde, ‘Report of the Special Commission (3 to 12 September 1997)’, in Proceedings of the Special Commission with a diplomatic character of September-October 1999 (SDU Publishers 2003), 87-128.
  • Elisabetta Lamarque, ‘The Cross-Border Protection of Vulnerable Adults in the EU from the Italian Perspective’ [2022] 2022(6) Osservatorio costituzionale 98-110.
  • Joëlle Long, ‘Rethinking Vulnerable Adults’ Protection in the light of the 2000 Hague Convention’ [2013] 27(1) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 51-73.
  • Philippe Lortie, ‘La Convention de La Haye du 2 octobre 1999 sur la protection internationale des adultes’ [2000] 2(1) International Law FORUM du droit international 14-17. 🔒
  • Philippe Lortie, ‘Towards the Global Implementation of the 2000 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults’ (ELI Newsletter, May-June 2019).
  • Philippe Lortie and Maja Groff, ‘The Hague Convention of the 13 January 2000 on the International Protection of Adults‘ (European Parliament 2012).
  • Ingo Ludwig, ‘Der Erwachsenenschutz im Internationalen Privatrecht nach Inkrafttreten des Haager Erwachsenenschutzübereinkommens’ [2009] DNotZ 251 ss.
  • Ángel Alfredo Martínez Ques, ‘La protección jurídica de las personas mayores desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos‘ [2015] 2015(17) Revista de Derecho de la UNED 1067-1102.
  • Silvia Marino, ‘Aspetti internazionalprivatistici delle disposizioni anticipate di trattamento’ [2018] 54(3) Rivista di diritto internazionale privato e processuale 608-634. 🔒
  • Françoise Monéger, ‘La protection des adultes dans les relations transfrontières’ [2024] 2024(2) RDSS 249-256.
  • P M M Mostermans, ‘New Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults’ [2000] 2000(2) International Law FORUM du droit international 10-13. 🔒
  • Alberto Muñoz Fernández, La protección del adulto en el derecho internacional privado (Thomson-Aranzadi 2009).
  • Alberto Muñoz Fernandez, ‘Intervención pública y autonomía de la voluntad en la protección internacional de los incapaces’ [2015] 72 Persona & Derecho 287-300. 🔒
  • Alberto Muñoz Fernández, ‘Notas sobre el informe del Instituto de Derecho Europeo acerca de la protección de adultos en situaciones internaciones‘ [2020] 12(2) Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional 1099-1105.
  • Alberto Muñoz Fernández, ‘Las medidas de apoyo para las personas con discapacidad en situaciones transfronterizas. Práctica judicial’ in Alfonso Luis Calvo Caravaca and Javier Carrascosa González (eds), El derecho de familia internacional del siglo XXI en la práctica judicial (Thomson Reuters Aranzadi 2022), chapter XIX.
  • Mario J A Oyarzábal, ‘A Private International Law Perspective: Conflict Rules in Advance Directives and Euthanasia Legislation’ in Stefania Negri (ed), Self-Determination, Dignity and End-of-Life Care: Regulating Advance Directives in International and Comparative Perspective (Brill 2012), 127-140. 🔒
  • Hélène Péroz, ‘La convention de La Haye du 13 janvier 2000 sur la protection internationale des adultes et pratique notariale’ [2008] La semaine juridique. Notariale et immobilière.
  • Hélène Péroz, ‘La convention de La Haye du 13 janvier 2000 sur la protection internationale des adultes’ [2009] L’Essentiel Droit de la famille et des personnes.
  • Hélène Péroz, ‘Proposition de règlement européen sur la protection des adultes’ [2023] 2023(9) La semaine juridique. Notariale et immobilière 138 ss.
  • Hélène Péroz, ‘L’apport à la pratique notariale de la proposition de règlement européen sur la protection des adultes’ [2023] 2023(41) La semaine juridique. Notariale et immobilière 1183 ss.
  • Federica Persano, ‘La protezione degli incapaci nel Diritto Internazionale Privato e Processuale’ in Gianluca Contaldi, Fabrizio Marongiu Buonaiuti, Maria Irene Papa and Alessandra Zanobetti (eds), Liber Amicorum Angelo Davì. La vita giuridica internazionale delle persone (vol. II Editoriale Scientifica 2019), 1131-1169. 🔒
  • Federica Persano, ‘La tutela degli adulti vulnerabili nel diritto internazionale ed europeo: recenti sviluppi‘ [2024] 2024(41) Anales de Derecho 176-206.
  • Nayiber F Pozo, ‘La protección transfronteriza de adultos en la Unión Europea: la propuesta de Reglamento en materia de protección de adultos‘ [2023] 2023(18) Bitácora Millennium DIPr: Derecho Internacional Privado 1-29.
  • Claudia Ramser, Grenzüberschreitende Vorsorgevollmachten in Europa im Licht des Haager Übereinkommens über den internationalen Schutz von Erwachsenen vom 13. Januar 2000 (Peter Lang Verlag 2010).
  • Mariel Revillard, ‘La Convention de la Haye sur la protection international des adultes et la pratique du mandate d’inaptitude’ in AAVV (eds), Le droit international privé: esprit et méthodes. Mélanges en l’honneur de Paul Lagarde (Dalloz 2005), 725-735. 🔒
  • Mariel Revillard, ‘Protection internationale des adultes et droit international privé des majeurs protégés (Convention de La Haye du 13 janvier 2000)’ [2009] 1 Répertoire du Notariat Defrenois 35.
  • Geraldo Rocha Ribeiro, ‘A Convenção de Haia de 2000 relativa à protecção dos incapazes adultos’ [2011] 2011(125) Revista do Ministério Público 11-85.
  • Geraldo Rocha Ribeiro, ‘A Convenção da Haia de 2000, relativa à proteção internacional de adultos: a experiência portuguesa na sua aplicação‘ [2022] Julgar Online 1-57.
  • Sonia E Rolland and Alex Ruck Keene, ‘Interpreting the 2000 Hague Convention on the International Protection of Adults Consistently with the 2007 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities‘ (2021).
  • Giulia Rossolillo, ‘Protezione degli incapaci’ in Roberto Baratta (ed), Dizionari del diritto privato. Diritto internazionale privato (Giuffrè 2011), 301-304. 🔒
  • Anne Röthel, ‘Guardianship of Adults’ in Jürgen Basedow, Klaus J. Hopt, Reinhard Zimmermann and Andreas Stier (eds), Max Planck Encyclopedia of European Private Law (Oxford University Press 2012), 808-810. 🔒
  • Anne Röthel and Evelyn Woitge, ‘Das Kollisionsrecht der Vorsorgevollmacht’ [2010] 30(6) IPRax: Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 494-499. 🔒
  • Anne Röthel and Evelyn Woitge, ‘Das ESÜ-Ausführungsgesetz: effiziente Kooperation im internationalen Erwachsenenschutz’ [2012] 30(5) IPRax: Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 409-413. 🔒
  • Christian Salm (ed), Protection of Vulnerable Adults European Added Value Assessment accompanying the European Parliament’s legislative initiative report (rapporteur: Joëlle Bergeron) (Publication Office of the European Union 2016).
  • Renate Schaub, ‘Kollisionsrechtliche Probleme bei Vorsorgevollmachten’ [2016] 36(3) IPRax: Praxis des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 207-215.
  • Ivo Schwander, ‘Kindes- und Erwachsenenschutz im internationalen Verhältnis’ [2014] AJP Aktuelle juristische Praxis 1351-1373.
  • Luciana B Scotti and Leandro Baltar, ‘La protección de adultos: notas desde el Derecho Internacional Privado argentino‘ [2021] 2021(51) Revista Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata 427-455.
  • Francesco Seatzu, ‘L’interesse del maggiorenne incapace nella nuova Convenzione dell’Aja (13 gennaio 2000) sulla protezione degli adulti’ [2001] 2001(3) Il diritto di famiglia e delle persone 1223-1236. 🔒
  • Francesco Seatzu, ‘Reshaping EU Old Age Law in the Light of the Normative Standards in International Human Rights Law in Relation to Older Persons’ in Francesca Ippolito and Sara Iglesias Sánchez (eds), Protecting Vulnerable Groups. The European Human Rights Framework (Hart Publishing 2015), 49-70. 🔒
  • Sharon Shakargy, ‘Capacitating personal capacity: cross-border regulation of guardianship alternatives for adults‘ [2023] 19(3) Journal of Private International Law 450-480.
  • Kurt Siehr, ‘Das Haager Übereinkommen über den internationalen Schutz Erwachsener’ [2000] 64(4) Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 715-751.
  • Andreas Spickhoff, ‘Vorsorgeverfügungen im Internationalen Privatrecht’ in Katharina Hilbig-Lugani, Dominique Jakob, Gerald Mäsch, Phillipp Reuß and Christoph Schmid (eds), Zwischenbilanz – Festschrift für Dagmar Coester-Waltjen (Gieseking 2015), 825-842.
  • Jean Tarrade, Bénédicte Fauvarque-Cosson, Cyril Nourissat, David Noguéro, Mobilité et protection des personnes vulnérables en Europe: connaissance et reconnaissance des instruments (Société́ de Législation Comparée 2014).
  • Sara Tonolo, ‘The Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Private International Law’ [2013] 5(1) Cuadernos Derecho Transnacional 273-280.
  • Thomas Traar, ‘Internationales Erwachsenenschutzrecht’ in Peter Barth and Michael Ganner (eds), Handbuch des Erwachsenenschutzrechts (3rd edn, Linde 2019), 948 ss.
  • Benedetta Ubertazzi, La capacità delle persone fisiche nel diritto internazionale privato (Cedam 2006). 📚
  • UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of persons with disabilities (Gerard Quinn) and Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons (Claudia Mahler), ‘Towards Greater Coherence of International Law. Reflections on the adequacy of the European Commission’s proposal for a Regulation and Council Decision governing the Hague Convention on the Protection of Adults‘, Joint Submission, 2 August 2023.
  • Giovanni Edoardo Vaccaro, ‘La tutela dei cittadini all’estero attraverso l’istituto dell’amministrazione di sostegno’, Centro di documentazione europea – Università di Catania – Online Working Paper 2012/n. 40 4-9.
  • Jean-Louis Van Boxstael, ‘L’adulte protégé et la frontière‘ [2014] 2014(2) Revue de planiication patrimoniale belge et internationale 167-186.
  • Jean-Louis Van Boxstael, ‘La protection internationale des adultes vulnérables – Un an et demi après l’entrée en vigueur de la Convention de La Haye‘ in Patrick Wautelet and Silvia Pfeiff (eds), Droit familial international (Anthemis 2022), 99-147.
  • Carmen Vaquero Lopez, ‘Nuevas normas de derecho internacional privado estatal en materia de proteccion de adultos y de menores’ [2016] 2016(16) Anuario Espanol de Derecho Internacional Privado 395-414. 🔒
  • Jinske Verhellen and Myriam de Hemptinne, ‘Grensoverschrijdende bescherming van volwassenen: van klassiek IPR naar verdragsrechtelijke samenwerking’ [2021] 2021(7) Tijdschrift voor Familierecht 180-192.
  • Dámaso Javier Vicente Blanco, ‘La Protección de Los Adultos en El Derecho Internacional Privado Codificado Por La Conferencia de La Haya: El Convenio de 13 de Enero de 2000 y Sus Soluciones‘ [2011] 1(8) Oñati Socio-Legal Series 1-23.
  • Mònica Vinaixa Miquel, ‘Los poderes preventivos en el Derecho Internacional Privado español: una aproximación crítica a la Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio‘ [2023] 75(2) Revista Española De Derecho Internacional 405-415.
  • Christian von Bar and Peter Mankowski, Internationales Privatrecht II (2nd edn, C.H. Beck 2019), 927-983.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Art 24 EGBGB. Vormundschaft, Betreuung und Pflegschaft’ in Dieter Henrich and Jan von Hein (eds), Artikel 19-24 EGBGB; ErwSÜ: (Internationales Kindschaftsrecht, Erwachsenenschutzübereinkommen) (Sellier–de Gruyter 2019), 510-570.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Betreuungsrechtliche Genehmigungserfordernisse zur Veräuflerung von Immobilien ñ Internationale Zuständigkeit und anwendbares Recht (EuGH, S. 235)’ [2015] 35(3) IPRax: Praxis des internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 198-203.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Adults, protection of’ in Jürgen Basedow, Giesela Rühl, Franco Ferrari and Pedro De Miguel Asensio (eds), Encyclopedia of Private International Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2017), 21-28. 🔒
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Haager Erwachsenenschutzübereinkommen com 13.1.2000 (ErwSÜ)’ in Jan von Hein and Dieter Henrich (eds), J. von Staudingers Kommentar xum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch mit Enführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen—Art 19.24 EGBG; ErwSÜ (Sellier and de Gruyter 2019) 385 ss.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Kollisionsrechtliche Aspekte neuer Formen des Erwachsenenschutzes’ in Christoph Benicke and Stefan Huber (eds), National, International, Transnational: Harmonischer Dreiklang im Recht, Festschrift für Herbert Kronke (Gieseking 2020), 149-160.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Erwachsenenschutz im deutsch-österreichischen Verhältnis’ in Thomas Garber (ed), Festschrift Matthias Neumayr (Manz Verlag 2023), 793-803.
  • Jan von Hein, ‘Die Europäisierung des internationalen Erwachsenenschutzes’ [2024] 2024(3) Zeitschrift für Europäisches Privatrecht 505-532.
  • Rolf Wagner, ‘Die Regierungsentwürfe zur Ratifikation des Haager Übereinkommens vom 13.1.2000 zum internationalen Schutz Erwachsener’ [2007] 27(1) IPRax: Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 11-15. 🔒
  • Frauke Katharina Wedemann, ‘Vorsorgevollmachten im internationalen Rechtsverkehr’ [2010] Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht 785-790.

Case law

Canada 🇨🇦

France 🇫🇷

  • Cour de cassation, Chambre civile 1, 18 January 2007, 06-10.833
  • Cour de cassation, Chambre civile 1, 3 May 2010, 09-13.949
  • Cour d’appel de Rennes, 15 October 2013, 13/02113
  • Cour de cassation, Chambre civile 1, 27 January 2021, 19-15.059 (see also here)

Germany 🇩🇪

  • OLG Zweibrücken, 9 November 2015 – 3 W 54/15
  • OLG Koblenz, 14 February 2017 – 13 UF 32/17
  • LG Cottbus, 9 May 2018 – 7 T 28/17
  • BGH, 12 February 2025 – XII ZB 128/24 – [on a German man placed in a Polish care home: the removal was carried out with the intention of removing the adult from the protection of German adult protection law. In addition to issues of German adult protection law, the decision addresses international jurisdiction under the Hague 2000 Convention] [thanks to Giovanni Freise for the abstract]
  • LG Augsburg, 30 January 2018 – 054 T 161/18 [on a German woman placed in a Czech care home against her will: her granddaughter then tries to bring her back to Germany. The core of the decision concerns the interpretation of habitual residence within the framework of the 2000 Hague Convention] [thanks to Giovanni Freise for the abstract]

Italy 🇮🇹

  • Tribunale di Pordenone, decree 7 March 2002 (Il corriere giuridico, 2002, 773) [on the law applicable to the protection of adults]
  • Tribunale di Lodi, decree 18 October 2008
  • Tribunale di La Spezia, decree 10 March 2011 (commented by Giulia Donadio, ‘Amministrazione di sostegno e tutela dello straniero’ [2011] 27(9) La Nuova Giurisprudenza Civile 815-820. 🔒) [on the law applicable to the protection of adults]
  • Tribunale di Verona, decree 11 March 2011 (commented by Emanuele Calò, ‘Amministrazione di sostegno e interdizione: disciplina applicabile all’incapace straniero (Tribunale di Verona, 11 marzo 2011)’ [2012] 2012(2) Famiglia e Diritto 191-196. 🔒) [on the law applicable to the protection of adults]
  • Tribunale di Varese, decree 10 February 2012, No. 7030
  • Tribunale di Belluno, decree 1 August 2019, No. 22734 (cfr. Pietro Franzina, ‘La disciplina internazionalprivatistica italiana della protezione degli adulti alla luce di una recente pronuncia’ [2020] 12 Cuadernos de Derecho Transnacional 219-230. 🔒) [on jurisdiction concerning the appointment of a guardian to an adult on Macedonian nationality who find herself in Italian territory, or habitually residing in Italy, and the law applicable to the protection of the adult in question]
  • Corte di Cassazione, Sezioni Unite, ord. 19 February 2020, n. 4250 [on jurisdiction in matters relating to the protection of an adult of Italian nationality living abroad]

Netherlands 🇳🇱

  • Supreme Court, judgment of 2 February 2018, 2018 ECLI:NL:HR:2018:147 [which stipulated that the 2000 Hague Convention on the protection of adults may be provisionally applied]

Poland 🇵🇱

  • Supreme Court, III CPZ 24/19, 8 November 2019 (text in Polish) [on the issue of jurisdiction to rule on the authorization that a guardian of an adult may need to obtain prior to selling property belonging to the latter]. Summary by Anna Wysocka-Bar: Absence of Polish jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgment: “It is obvious that the family court of the place of residence of the person lacking full legal capacity, which appointed the guardian, placed the ward in the care home and supervises the protection, is best informed about the concerned adults’ circumstances, conditions, views and needs, i.e. the factors that play a crucial role in deciding whether the transaction ought to be authorised”

Switzerland 🇨🇭

  • Cour d’appel du canton du Tessin, No. 9.2013.69, 16.05.2013
  • Tribunal Cantonal de Neuchâtel, CMPEA.2015.52, 21 November 2015
  • Tribunal fédéral, ATF 5A_151/2017, 23.03.2017
  • Tribunal fédéral, ATF 5A_68/2017, 21.06.2017 [concerning jurisdiction for adopting protection measures for adults]
  • Tribunal Cantonal du Valais, Cour civile II, 7 September 2017, C1 17 8
  • Tribunal fédéral, ATF 5A_374/2018, 25.06.2018

United Kingdom 🇬🇧

United States of America 🇺🇸

NGOs and civil society initiatives

1. European Association of Private International Law (EAPIL)

  • EAPIL Working Group on the International Protection of Adults.
  • EAPIL Position Paper submitted by the European Association of Private International Law on 29 March 2022 in the framework of the public consultation launched by the European Commission on an EU-wide protection for vulnerable adults.

2. European Law Institute (ELI)

3. European Network on Independent Living (ENIL)

4. Other

Useful websites

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